In CO2-CVR, the subject inhales a mild hypercapnic gas mixture (e.g., 5% CO2, 21% O2, and 74% N2) as an explicit stimulus, while Blood-Oxygenation-Level-Dependent (BOLD) MRI images are continuously acquired. Two of the most commonly used methods for MRI-based CVR mapping are CO2-inhalation CVR (CO2-CVR) and resting-state CVR (RS-CVR). More recently, CVR as a candidate biomarker of vascular diseases has also been applied in multi-center settings, such as in the MarkVCID study and the INVESTIGATE-SVDs study. In recent years, the measurement of CVR has been increasingly reported in a range of applications, such as arterial stenosis, stroke, small vessel disease, brain tumors, traumatic brain injury, substance abuse, normal aging and dementia. It measures the ability of cerebral blood vessels to dilate or constrict in response to vasoactive stimuli, which provides complementary information to steady-state vascular parameters, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Ĭerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is an important index of the brain’s vascular health. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The anonymized data sets necessary to replicate our study findings are shared on Dryad. Received: ApAccepted: AugPublished: September 28, 2022Ĭopyright: © 2022 Liu et al. PLoS ONE 17(9):Įditor: Yen-Yu Ian Shih, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, UNITED STATES (2022) CVR-MRICloud: An online processing tool for CO2-inhalation and resting-state cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) MRI data. CVR-MRICloud has potential to be used as a data processing tool for a variety of basic science and clinical applications.Ĭitation: Liu P, Baker Z, Li Y, Li Y, Xu J, Park DC, et al. This paper describes these algorithms and demonstrates the performance of the CVR-MRICloud in lifespan healthy subjects and patients with clinical conditions such as stroke, brain tumor, and Moyamoya disease. The pipeline also includes standard BOLD image processing steps such as motion correction, registration between functional and anatomic images, and transformation of the CVR images to canonical space. The CVR-MRICloud consists of several major steps including extraction of end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) curve from raw CO2 recording, alignment of EtCO2 curve with BOLD time course, computation of CVR value on a whole-brain, regional, and voxel-wise basis. The aim of this work was to develop CVR-MRICloud, a cloud-based CVR processing pipeline, to enable automated processing of CVR MRI data. However, processing of CVR MRI data often requires special expertise and may become an obstacle in broad utilization of this promising technique. CO2-inhalation and resting-state methods are two commonly used approaches for CVR MRI. MRI-based CVR measurement typically employs alterations in arterial carbon dioxide (CO2) level while continuously acquiring Blood-Oxygenation-Level-Dependent (BOLD) images. Cerebrovascular Reactivity (CVR) provides an assessment of the brain’s vascular reserve and has been postulated to be a sensitive marker in cerebrovascular diseases.
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